Cervical artery dissection is a significant cause of ischemic stroke in individuals under 50 years, accounting for approximately 20–25% of cases in this age group [1]. Dissection involves a tear in the arterial wall that leads to intramural hematoma or aneurysmal dilatation, causing either ischemia via embolization or hemodynamic compromise. The vertebral and internal carotid arteries are most frequently involved. ..
The Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN) is a branch of the vagus nerve. It carries motor innervation to all intrinsic muscles of the larynx, with the exception of the cricothyroid muscle, which is supplied by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. In addition, the recurrent laryngeal nerve provides sensory innervation to the larynx below the level of the vocal cords [1]. ..
Withania Somnifera (WS), commonly known as “ashwagandha” or “asgandh,” is an evergreen shrub found in Asia, Africa, and Europe. Traditionally used as a medicinal herb in Ayurvedic medicine, its use can be traced back to 6000 BC [1]. In recent years, ashwagandha has gained popularity worldwide and has been used for conditions including arthritis, asthma, goiter, neurological disorders ..
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a respiratory disorder characterized by recurrent partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep, resulting in apnea (≥90% airflow reduction for ≥10 seconds) or hypopnea (≥30% airflow reduction for ≥10 seconds with desaturation or arousal). ..
Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia (GTN) is an uncommon malignancy arising from trophoblastic cells of the placenta. It includes choriocarcinoma, Placental-Site Trophoblastic Tumor (PSTT), and Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor (ETT) [1,2]. These tumors are characterized by abnormal trophoblastic ..
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